🔁 Active & Passive Voice

What is Active Voice?
In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action.
Active voice में कर्ता (subject) कार्य करता है।

Ramesh painted the walls.
(इस वाक्य में हमने रमेश के बारे में बात की)

What is Passive Voice?
In passive voice, the subject receives the action.
Passive voice में कर्ता वह होता है जिस पर कार्य किया जाता है।

The walls were painted by Ramesh. (with by + agent)
(इस वाक्य में हमने दीवारों के साथ क्या हुआ, यह बताया)

Passive Voice without “by + agent”:
The students were given sweets yesterday.
My room is cleaned every day in the morning.
A large number of films on wildlife conservation have been made.
(इन वाक्यों में कार्य करने वाले का उल्लेख नहीं है)

📊 Active vs Passive Comparison

Voice Type Structure Example हिंदी अर्थ
Active Subject + Verb + Object Ramesh painted the walls. रमेश ने दीवारें रंगीं।
Passive (with agent) Object + was/were + Verb (past participle) + by + Subject The walls were painted by Ramesh. दीवारें रमेश द्वारा रंगी गईं।
Passive (without agent) Object + is/was/were + Verb (past participle) My room is cleaned every morning. मेरा कमरा हर सुबह साफ किया जाता है।

🎯 Practice Sentences

(1) Active: The chef cooked the meal.
Passive: The meal was cooked by the chef.

(2) Active: They clean the park every Sunday.
Passive: The park is cleaned every Sunday.

(3) Active: The teacher gave the students homework.
Passive: The students were given homework.

(4) Active: Someone has stolen my bicycle.
Passive: My bicycle has been stolen.

(5) Active: The artist painted a beautiful portrait.
Passive: A beautiful portrait was painted by the artist.

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