Poetic & Prose Devices

Bilingual Learning for Class 10 Students

Poetic Devices / काव्य उपकरण

Simile / उपमा

A comparison using "like" or "as".

"जैसे" या "के समान" का प्रयोग करके तुलना।

Example: “The way a crow / Shook down on me / The dust of snow”

Metaphor / रूपक

A direct comparison without using "like" or "as".

"जैसे" या "के समान" के बिना सीधी तुलना।

Example: “Some say the world will end in fire / Some say in ice”

Alliteration / अनुप्रास

Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

शब्दों की शुरुआत में एक जैसे व्यंजन ध्वनि की पुनरावृत्ति।

Example: “Stop that slouching and sit up straight”

Personification / मानवीकरण

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

गैर-मानव वस्तुओं को मानव गुण देना।

Example: “The trees are moving out into the forest”

Enjambment / पंक्ति प्रवाह

When a sentence runs over from one line to the next without punctuation.

जब एक वाक्य बिना विराम के अगली पंक्ति में चला जाता है।

Example: “What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, / What, what is he to do?”

Prose Devices / गद्य उपकरण

Dialogue / संवाद

Conversation between characters.

पात्रों के बीच बातचीत।

Example: In "Two Gentlemen of Verona", the boys’ speech shows their values.

Flashback / अतीतदर्शन

A scene set in a time earlier than the main story.

मुख्य कहानी से पहले का दृश्य।

Example: In "Nelson Mandela", he recalls apartheid events.

Irony / विडंबना

A contrast between expectation and reality.

अपेक्षा और वास्तविकता के बीच विरोधाभास।

Example: In "The Letter", the postmaster ignores Ali’s pain but later suffers the same.

Foreshadowing / पूर्वाभास

Hints about what will happen later.

आगे क्या होगा इसका संकेत देना।

Example: In "A Letter to God", the storm hints at the farmer’s loss.

Symbolism / प्रतीकवाद

Using symbols to represent ideas.

विचारों को दर्शाने के लिए प्रतीकों का प्रयोग।

Example: In "The Black Aeroplane", the mysterious plane symbolizes hope.

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